The concept of the Black Public Library emerged as a response to the systemic racism and segregation that Black Americans faced in accessing public libraries during the 19th and 20th centuries. In many parts of the United States, Black people were either barred from using public libraries or were only allowed to use designated "Colored" branches, which were often underfunded and lacked access to the same resources as libraries for white patrons.

In response to this inequality, Black communities began establishing their own independent libraries, often housed in churches, community centers, or private homes. These Black public libraries provided crucial access to books, information, and educational resources for Black individuals who were otherwise denied access to public institutions.

One notable example of a Black public library is the George E. Haynes Negro Branch Library in Los Angeles, which was established in 1913 by librarian and civil rights activist Effie Lee Morris. This library served as a cultural and educational hub for the city's Black community, offering a wide range of books, programs, and resources that celebrated Black history and culture.

Overall, Black public libraries played a vital role in providing access to knowledge and empowering Black communities during a time when they were denied equal access to public resources. These libraries continue to serve as important symbols of resilience and resistance in the struggle for equality and justice.